Aspirin reduces preeclampsia risk
A low-dose aspirin regimen reduces the risk for preeclampsia in pregnant women, leading the US Preventive Services Task Force in February to issue draft guidance recommending 81 mg of aspirin daily for women with certain conditions who are more than 12 weeks pregnant. Preeclampsia is a common cause of maternal death, and women with diabetes, chronic high blood pressure, kidney disease and autoimmune disease are among those at high risk.
Cancer has a longer life than you may think
There is no stronger risk factor for cancer than age. At the time of diagnosis, the median age of patients across all cancers is 66. That moment, however, is the culmination of years of clandestine tumor growth, according to a report in Cell Stem Cell. Reconstructing the lineage history of cancer cells in two individuals with a rare blood cancer, the team calculated when the genetic mutation that gave rise to the disease first appeared. In a 63-year-old patient, it occurred at around age 19; in a 34-year-old patient, at around age 9. The findings add to a growing body of evidence that cancers slowly develop over long periods of time before manifesting as a distinct disease. The results also present insights that could inform new approaches for early detection, prevention or intervention.
Women with heart attacks fare worse than men
Outcomes from myocardial infarction – heart attacks – continue to be considerably worse for women than men, according to a meta-analysis published in the American Journal of Cardiology. The study covers more than 705,000 STEMI (ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction) patients from 30 countries who received care from January 2000 to December 2019. Thirty-one percent of patients were women. Researchers found that women were associated with longer delays to first medical contact and longer door-to-balloon times. In-hospital rates of mortality, repeat myocardial infarction, stroke and major bleeding events were all also much higher for women. Women also received less optimal STEMI therapy during hospitalization. For example, the rates of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (59.5% vs. 68.2%), aspirin use (89.5% vs. 92.1%) and P2Y12 inhibitors use (67.6% vs. 75.4%) were all lower among women than among men. Researchers provided possible reasons for these trends. The delays in patient care, for instance, may be tied to the ways that STEMI symptoms present – and how men respond to those symptoms compared to how women respond. These delays are likely the result of female STEMI patients being more likely to experience atypical symptoms (i.e., back, shoulder, and/or stomach pain rather than chest pain), and males being more likely to believe that their symptoms are cardiac in nature. In addition, the team added, women often present with myocardial infarctions a full five to 10 years later than men, because estrogen is known to delay the development of cardiovascular disease in premenopausal females.
Stick with it, baby
The dietary patterns of infants and toddlers can influence the trajectory of eating behaviors throughout their lives, according to Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2020-2025, Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. Taste preferences begin to form during this period, and research shows that early food preferences influence later food choices. As very young children are exposed to new textures and flavors for the first time, it may take them up to 10 exposures to accept a new type of food. Encouraging parents and caregivers to offer new foods such as fruits and vegetables repeatedly increases the likelihood of children accepting them. Offering the healthiest food and beverage choices at an early age can set young children on a path toward making nutrient-dense choices in the years to come.
Food insecurity and obesity
Participants with obesity and food insecurity lost less weight than food-secure participants with obesity over 24 months when following an intensive, lifestyle-based intervention for weight loss. Food insecurity, or the lack of sufficient healthy food to sustain an active, healthy lifestyle, is associated with greater body weight in adults. Researchers from Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, used data from the PROPEL (Promoting Successful Weight Loss in Primary Care in Louisiana) study, which randomly assigned participants to a high-intensity, lifestyle-based intervention or usual care for weight loss and tracked progress over 24 months, to determine if food insecurity had an effect on weight loss outcomes. Findings from a post hoc analysis of the PROPEL study are published in Annals of Internal Medicine.